本文主要介绍 24 中 es6 方法,这些方法都挺实用的,本本请记好,时不时翻出来看看。
# 1. 如何隐藏所有指定的元素
| const hide = (el) => Array.from(el).forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none')); |
| |
| |
| hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')) |
# 2. 如何检查元素是否具有指定的类?
页面 DOM 里的每个节点上都有一个 classList 对象,程序员可以使用里面的方法新增、删除、修改节点上的 CSS 类。使用 classList,程序员还可以用它来判断某个节点是否被赋予了某个 CSS 类。
| const hasClass = (el, className) => el.classList.contains(className) |
| |
| |
| hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special') |
# 3. 如何切换一个元素的类?
| const toggleClass = (el, className) => el.classList.toggle(className) |
| |
| |
| toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special') |
# 4. 如何获取当前页面的滚动位置?
| const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({ |
| x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft, |
| y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop |
| }); |
| |
| |
| getScrollPosition(); |
# 5. 如何平滑滚动到页面顶部
| const scrollToTop = () => { |
| const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop; |
| if (c > 0) { |
| window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop); |
| window.scrollTo(0, c - c / 8); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| |
| scrollToTop() |
window.requestAnimationFrame () 告诉浏览器 —— 你希望执行一个动画,并且要求浏览器在下次重绘之前调用指定的回调函数更新动画。该方法需要传入一个回调函数作为参数,该回调函数会在浏览器下一次重绘之前执行。
requestAnimationFrame:优势:由系统决定回调函数的执行时机。60Hz 的刷新频率,那么每次刷新的间隔中会执行一次回调函数,不会引起丢帧,不会卡顿。
# 6. 如何检查父元素是否包含子元素?
| const elementContains = (parent, child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child); |
| |
| |
| elementContains(document.querySelector('head'), document.querySelector('title')); |
| |
| elementContains(document.querySelector('body'), document.querySelector('body')); |
| |
# 7. 如何检查指定的元素在视口中是否可见?
| const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el, partiallyVisible = false) => { |
| const { top, left, bottom, right } = el.getBoundingClientRect(); |
| const { innerHeight, innerWidth } = window; |
| return partiallyVisible |
| ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) && |
| ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth)) |
| : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth; |
| }; |
| |
| |
| elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); |
| elementIsVisibleInViewport(el, true); |
# 8. 如何获取元素中的所有图像?
| const getImages = (el, includeDuplicates = false) => { |
| const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src')); |
| return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)]; |
| }; |
| |
| |
| getImages(document, true); |
| getImages(document, false); |
# 9. 如何确定设备是移动设备还是台式机 / 笔记本电脑?
| const detectDeviceType = () => |
| /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent) |
| ? 'Mobile' |
| : 'Desktop'; |
| |
| |
| detectDeviceType(); |
| |
| # 10.How to get the current URL? |
| const currentURL = () => window.location.href |
| |
| |
| currentURL() |
# 11. 如何创建一个包含当前 URL 参数的对象?
| const getURLParameters = url => |
| (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce( |
| (a, v) => ((a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)), a), |
| {} |
| ); |
| |
| |
| getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); |
| getURLParameters('google.com'); |
# 12. 如何将一组表单元素转化为对象?
| const formToObject = form => |
| Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce( |
| (acc, [key, value]) => ({ |
| ...acc, |
| [key]: value |
| }), |
| {} |
| ); |
| |
| |
| formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); |
| |
# 13. 如何从对象检索给定选择器指示的一组属性?
| const get = (from, ...selectors) => |
| [...selectors].map(s => |
| s |
| .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g, '.$1.') |
| .split('.') |
| .filter(t => t !== '') |
| .reduce((prev, cur) => prev && prev[cur], from) |
| ); |
| const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } }, target: [1, 2, { a: 'test' }] }; |
| |
| |
| get(obj, 'selector.to.val', 'target[0]', 'target[2].a'); |
| |
# 14. 如何在等待指定时间后调用提供的函数?
| const delay = (fn, wait, ...args) => setTimeout(fn, wait, ...args); |
| delay( |
| function(text) { |
| console.log(text); |
| }, |
| 1000, |
| 'later' |
| ); |
| |
| |
# 15. 如何在给定元素上触发特定事件且能选择地传递自定义数据?
| const triggerEvent = (el, eventType, detail) => |
| el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType, { detail })); |
| |
| |
| triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click'); |
| triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click', { username: 'bob' }); |
自定义事件的函数有 Event、CustomEvent 和 dispatchEvent
| |
| window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize')) |
| |
| |
| |
| var event = new Event('build'); |
| var elem = document.querySelector('#id') |
| |
| elem.addEventListener('build', function (e) { ... }, false); |
| |
| elem.dispatchEvent(event); |
CustomEvent 可以创建一个更高度自定义事件,还可以附带一些数据,具体用法如下:
| var myEvent = new CustomEvent(eventname, options); |
| 其中 options 可以是: |
| { |
| detail: { |
| ... |
| }, |
| bubbles: true, |
| cancelable: false |
| } |
其中 detail 可以存放一些初始化的信息,可以在触发的时候调用。其他属性就是定义该事件是否具有冒泡等等功能。
内置的事件会由浏览器根据某些操作进行触发,自定义的事件就需要人工触发。 dispatchEvent 函数就是用来触发某个事件:
| element.dispatchEvent(customEvent); |
上面代码表示,在 element 上面触发 customEvent 这个事件。
| |
| obj.addEventListener("cat", function(e) { process(e.detail) }); |
| |
| |
| var event = new CustomEvent("cat", {"detail":{"hazcheeseburger":true}}); |
| obj.dispatchEvent(event); |
| 使用自定义事件需要注意兼容性问题,而使用 jQuery 就简单多了: |
| |
| |
| $(element).on('myCustomEvent', function(){}); |
| |
| |
| $(element).trigger('myCustomEvent'); |
| |
| |
| $( "p" ).on( "myCustomEvent", function( event, myName ) { |
| $( this ).text( myName + ", hi there!" ); |
| }); |
| $( "button" ).click(function () { |
| $( "p" ).trigger( "myCustomEvent", [ "John" ] ); |
| }); |
# 16. 如何从元素中移除事件监听器?
| const off = (el, evt, fn, opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt, fn, opts); |
| |
| const fn = () => console.log('!'); |
| document.body.addEventListener('click', fn); |
| off(document.body, 'click', fn); |
17. 如何获得给定毫秒数的可读格式?
| const formatDuration = ms => { |
| if (ms < 0) ms = -ms; |
| const time = { |
| day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000), |
| hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24, |
| minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60, |
| second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60, |
| millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000 |
| }; |
| return Object.entries(time) |
| .filter(val => val[1] !== 0) |
| .map(([key, val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`) |
| .join(', '); |
| }; |
| |
| |
| formatDuration(1001); |
| formatDuration(34325055574); |
| |
# 18. 如何获得两个日期之间的差异(以天为单位)?
| const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial, dateFinal) => |
| (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24); |
| |
| |
| getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'), new Date('2017-12-22')); |
# 19. 如何向传递的 URL 发出 GET 请求?
| const httpGet = (url, callback, err = console.error) => { |
| const request = new XMLHttpRequest(); |
| request.open('GET', url, true); |
| request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText); |
| request.onerror = () => err(request); |
| request.send(); |
| }; |
| |
| httpGet( |
| 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1', |
| console.log |
| ); |
| |
| |
# 20. 如何对传递的 URL 发出 POST 请求?
| const httpPost = (url, data, callback, err = console.error) => { |
| const request = new XMLHttpRequest(); |
| request.open('POST', url, true); |
| request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); |
| request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText); |
| request.onerror = () => err(request); |
| request.send(data); |
| }; |
| |
| const newPost = { |
| userId: 1, |
| id: 1337, |
| title: 'Foo', |
| body: 'bar bar bar' |
| }; |
| const data = JSON.stringify(newPost); |
| httpPost( |
| 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts', |
| data, |
| console.log |
| ); |
| |
| |
# 21. 如何为指定选择器创建具有指定范围,步长和持续时间的计数器?
| const counter = (selector, start, end, step = 1, duration = 2000) => { |
| let current = start, |
| _step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step, |
| timer = setInterval(() => { |
| current += _step; |
| document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current; |
| if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end; |
| if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer); |
| }, Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start)))); |
| return timer; |
| }; |
| |
| |
| counter('#my-id', 1, 1000, 5, 2000); |
| |
# 22. 如何将字符串复制到剪贴板?
| const el = document.createElement('textarea'); |
| el.value = str; |
| el.setAttribute('readonly', ''); |
| el.style.position = 'absolute'; |
| el.style.left = '-9999px'; |
| document.body.appendChild(el); |
| const selected = |
| document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false; |
| el.select(); |
| document.execCommand('copy'); |
| document.body.removeChild(el); |
| if (selected) { |
| document.getSelection().removeAllRanges(); |
| document.getSelection().addRange(selected); |
| } |
| }; |
| |
| |
| copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); |
| |
# 23. 如何确定页面的浏览器选项卡是否聚焦?
| const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden; |
| |
| |
| isBrowserTabFocused(); |
# 24. 如何创建目录(如果不存在)?
| const fs = require('fs'); |
| const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined); |
| |
| |
| createDirIfNotExists('test'); |
这里面的方法大都挺实用,可以解决很多开发过程问题,大家就好好利用起来吧。